Use case
Education and research
Teaching labs, STEM programmes and university research
For teaching and research, the software stack is the product. Choose platforms with maintained ROS 2 support, documented APIs and parts you can reorder in three years.
Platforms evaluated for this workflow
ABB SWIFTI
This collaborative robot is designed for industrial environments, balancing safe human interaction with high-speed performance. It achieves this through a combination of ABB's SafeMove system and an external laser scanner, enabling operation without safety fences. The system dynamically adjusts speed when personnel are present.
$25,000 – $34,000
PNDboticsAdam Sp
The Adam SP is a full-body humanoid robot featuring an advanced hardware architecture for flexible motion and dynamic control. It incorporates onboard computing and depth-camera perception. This platform is primarily intended for research and development into complex humanoid behaviors and interactions.
Price on application
AgibotAGIBOT A3
The AGIBOT A3 is a bipedal humanoid, 1.73m tall, announced for commercial availability in 2026. It features long-duration operation with hot-swappable batteries and comprehensive connectivity options. Its positioning accuracy is within ±10 cm, supporting large-scale fleet coordination.
Price on application
AgibotAgibot Genie 1
The Agibot Genie 1 is a full-size, general-purpose humanoid designed for embodied AI data collection and model inference. It features an adjustable height body with a wheeled locomotion option and dual force-controlled arms. The robot runs on an onboard NVIDIA Jetson platform and is compatible with Agibot's GO-1 foundation model.
Price on application
AgileX RoboticsAgileX BUNKER
The Bunker provides a durable tracked chassis designed for navigating difficult outdoor environments. Its independent suspension system facilitates traversal over obstacles and varied ground. The platform offers open interfaces for custom sensor integration and application development.
From $20,000
AgileX RoboticsAgileX Cobot Magic
This open-source robotic platform integrates bimanual arms onto a mobile base, designed for simultaneous teleoperation and learning. It features multiple lightweight robotic arms and onboard computing, supporting tasks driven by imitation learning principles.
Price on application
Unitree RoboticsAliengo
The Aliengo is a fully electric, mid-sized quadruped robot built for various research, education, and industrial scenarios. It features advanced depth sensing and joint force-control, allowing it to navigate challenging terrain effectively. The platform supports additional payloads, such as sensors and manipulators, for expanded functionality.
$50,000
WIRoboticsALLEX
ALLEX is a general-purpose humanoid robot upper body, designed with inherent whole-body force sensing and compliance. It responds to physical interactions without dedicated external sensors, offering modular components. The platform is presented as adaptable, with individual parts available for various integrations.
Price on application
ANYboticsANYmal D
ANYmal D is an industrial-grade four-legged robot designed for autonomous inspections in multi-story and challenging environments. It can traverse difficult surfaces and stairs, collecting visual, thermal, and acoustic data. The robust, weatherproof platform integrates with existing operational systems through its API.
Price on application
Bear RoboticsBear Robotics Servi Plus
The Servi Plus is a front-of-house service robot from Bear Robotics, designed for efficient multi-table food and bus-tub delivery. It navigates autonomously using LiDAR and cameras, accommodating obstacles and varied floor levels with a stable suspension system. The robot is suitable for restaurants and hospitality venues.
Price on application
Borg RoboticsBorg 01
This humanoid robot is presented as a modular system for industrial environments. It is intended to integrate into existing automated workcells, complementing the manufacturer's other robotic solutions. The platform supports autonomous switching between locomotion types.
Price on application
Noetix RoboticsBumi
This 94 cm tall consumer humanoid weighs approximately 12 kg. It is positioned for education, home use, and enthusiast development, featuring visual programming tools and voice interaction capabilities. Demonstrated functions include walking and dancing.
$1,400
Clearpath RoboticsClearpath Dingo
Dingo is a small, versatile indoor mobile robot offered in two drive configurations. It arrives pre-configured with ROS, simplifying development for researchers and educators. The design supports easy integration of various third-party components for advanced robotics projects.
Price on application
DobotDOBOT CR3
The DOBOT CR3 is a compact, six-axis collaborative robot built for light material handling and adaptable automation. It features integrated joints and a dedicated safety controller, making it suitable for quick setup in confined spaces. This robot includes multiple safety functions and third-party safety certifications.
Price on application
DobotDOBOT CR5
This six-axis collaborative robot is engineered for small and mid-sized enterprises seeking an accessible automation solution. It offers multiple programming options for operational flexibility and integrates safety features for human-robot interaction. It is suitable for tasks like assembly, material handling, and machine tending.
$17,000 – $24,000
Noetix RoboticsDora
Dora is a lightweight, general-purpose humanoid robot engineered for use in homes, educational environments, and elder care. It employs advanced learning techniques for bipedal locomotion across varied ground conditions. Integrated AI and vision systems support voice interaction and object recognition for task execution.
Price on application
Hiroshi Ishiguro Laboratories (ATR)Erica
This autonomous android is a dedicated research tool for developing sophisticated human-robot interaction. It integrates multimodal sensing with advanced speech, facial expressions, and gestures to achieve natural conversation. Erica serves as a platform to further research into social robotics applications.
Price on application
Faraday FutureFf Master
The FF Master is a smaller-scale humanoid designed for personal companionship, educational uses, and research. It features an adaptive conversational AI that learns over time. This model is presented as a cost-effective option within the humanoid robot market.
$19,990
Figure AIFigure 03
The Figure 03 is a humanoid robot engineered for domestic settings, featuring a refined aesthetic and protective materials. It operates using the Helix AI system, which facilitates learning from visual input to action. The unit supports wireless power and data transfer, and it is prepared for mass production.
Price on application
Figure AIFigure 03 Hand
This robotic hand features soft, adaptive fingertips designed for increased surface contact. It incorporates a proprietary tactile sensor capable of detecting minimal pressure, differentiating secure grips from potential slips. An embedded palm camera provides supplementary visual feedback during grasping operations.
Price on application
Franka RoboticsFranka Emika Panda
The Panda was a seven-axis collaborative robot arm featuring advanced torque-sensing capabilities. It was developed for research, educational, and light industrial applications. Its intuitive programming interface made it a popular choice in robotics and AI laboratories.
Historic list price withdrawn
Fourier IntelligenceGr 1
The Gr 1 was a full-sized, bipedal humanoid robot, previously promoted as Fourier Intelligence's first mass-produced model. It combined proprietary integrated actuators with a vision-based perception stack. This platform was positioned for various applications, including research and industry.
Historic list price withdrawn
USTCJia Jia
Developed by USTC, Jia Jia is a human-proportioned, silicone-skinned robot primarily for research. It demonstrates capabilities in spoken dialogue, facial expressions, and autonomous navigation. The platform supports cloud services and operates in both Mandarin Chinese and English.
Price on application
Deep RoboticsJueying Lite
The Jueying Lite is a fully programmable quadruped platform featuring 12 degrees of freedom. It offers open SDK and ROS interfaces for custom development. Configurations vary, adding perception and navigation hardware, with an IP54 rating for environmental durability.
Price on application
Kinova RoboticsKinova Gen3 Lite
This compact, six-axis robotic arm is a lightweight variant in its series, designed for diverse users including professional, academic, and educational sectors. It provides accessible manipulation capabilities with integrated smart actuators and a built-in controller. The arm supports both codeless graphical programming and advanced low-level control options.
Price on application
Leju RoboticsKuavo My
The Kuavo My from Leju Robotics is a general-purpose humanoid designed for rapid application development. It supports imitation learning and behavior digitisation, facilitating diverse uses from research to commercial service roles.
$43,000
KUKAKUKA LBR Med
The KUKA LBR Med is a seven-axis lightweight robot certified for integration into medical systems. Based on the established iiwa platform, it features integrated torque sensors, comprehensive safety, and a hygienic surface suitable for clinical environments.
Price on application
AgileX RoboticsLimo
Limo is a compact mobile robot platform from AgileX Robotics, designed for education, research, and rapid prototyping. It supports multiple locomotion modes and includes onboard LiDAR and a depth camera for navigation. The robot integrates well with ROS-based development environments.
$3,200
AgibotLingxi X2
The Lingxi X2 is a compact 1.31-meter bipedal humanoid designed for interaction, education, and research. It offers 25 DoF, walking speeds up to 1.8 m/s, and roughly 2 hours of operation, with an Ultra variant providing enhanced sensing and compute capabilities.
$29,999 – $49,999
Matrix HyperintelligenceMatrix 1
The Matrix 1 is a large-scale humanoid platform intended for efficient and secure work in dynamic settings. It features an AI-powered vision system, advanced five-fingered grippers, and autonomous capabilities for automation and data collection. The design prioritises human-like movement and natural gait.
Price on application
Elephant RoboticsmechArm 270
This compact and lightweight 6-axis robotic arm is suitable for educational, research, and small-scale automation tasks. It is available with either a Raspberry Pi or M5Stack controller and supports multiple programming languages. The arm's integrated design and compatibility with LEGO components simplify small-scale applications like picking and drawing.
$799
Elephant RoboticsMercury A1
The Mercury A1 is a lightweight, seven-axis collaborative robotic arm from Elephant Robotics. It incorporates integrated harmonic drive modules and a controller, targeting applications in AI and robotics development, educational settings, and precise manipulation.
$4,999
Elephant RoboticsMercury B1
The Mercury B1 is a semi-humanoid platform featuring two seven-axis A1 robotic arms, capable of independent or cooperative operation. It integrates an NVIDIA Jetson controller with a 3D camera and touchscreen, supporting advanced interaction and machine vision tasks.
$11,999
MangDangMini Pupper
The Mini Pupper is an open-source, Raspberry Pi-driven quadruped robot kit, suitable for K12 education and robotics enthusiasts. It operates with ROS2, providing capabilities for SLAM, navigation, and computer vision. Available in pre-assembled or DIY variants, it also supports optional sensor upgrades.
$649
MangDangMini Pupper 2
The Mini Pupper 2 is a Raspberry Pi-powered robotic dog kit for education and hobbyist experimentation. It supports ROS2 and advanced functionalities like SLAM, navigation, computer vision, and integration with large language models. The platform is highly customisable, offering various assembly configurations and expansion options.
$649
DroidUpMoya
Moya is a biomimetic companion humanoid from DroidUp, featuring realistic physical attributes like heated synthetic skin and a micro-expression-capable face. Built on a bipedal platform, it aims for applications in healthcare, education, and companionship. Advanced sensors and AI facilitate conversational and visual interaction.
$167,000
Elephant RoboticsmyAGV
The myAGV is a compact mobile robot platform featuring Mecanum wheels for omnidirectional movement. It integrates a Raspberry Pi controller, lidar, and camera for autonomous navigation and SLAM. The chassis is designed for mounting robotic arms, forming a compound mobile-manipulator system.
Price on application
Elephant RoboticsmyBuddy 280
The myBuddy 280 is a humanoid collaborative robot with two six-axis arms mounted on a shared base. Powered by a Raspberry Pi, it features an interactive touchscreen and onboard cameras. This platform targets research and education, supporting open-source programming for dual-arm coordination and AI manipulation.
$1,699
Elephant RoboticsMycobot 280
The myCobot 280 is a six-axis collaborative robot arm, noted for its compact and lightweight design. It serves research, education, and maker communities. Available with various control platforms, it supports drag-and-teach programming and integrates with common robotics ecosystems, offering a range of end effectors.
$649
Elephant RoboticsMycobot 320
This six-axis collaborative robot arm is designed for educational, research, and light industrial applications. It offers broad programming language support, including ROS and Python, and integrates an ESP32-based controller. The arm prioritises an open, compact, and accessible design for developers.
$2,399
Elephant RoboticsMycobot Pro 600
A six-axis collaborative robotic arm engineered for light industrial manipulation tasks. It incorporates harmonic reducers and servo motors, controlled by a Raspberry Pi running RoboFlow. Features include collision detection and intuitive drag-and-teach programming capabilities for operational ease.
$8,799
Elephant RoboticsmyPalletizer 260
This compact, fully enclosed 4-axis desktop robotic arm is specifically developed for makers and STEM education. It features a streamlined, safe design and supports various programming languages. The arm operates across common desktop and mobile computing platforms for versatility.
$549
Noetix RoboticsN2
The N2 is a compact bipedal humanoid robot designed for research, educational, and performance scenarios. It employs deep reinforcement learning for advanced locomotion and offers speech and visual interaction capabilities. The platform includes a depth camera and onboard inertial sensors for perception.
$5,500 – $8,400
NTU SingaporeNadine
Nadine is a stationary social humanoid robot designed for lifelike face-to-face interaction, featuring realistic skin, hair, and articulated hands. It can engage in autonomous multilingual conversations, identify individuals, and recall past interactions, while also simulating emotions through facial expressions and gestures.
Price on application
AldebaranNao
Nao is a small, autonomous bipedal robot engineered for natural interaction across various settings, including education and care. It combines expressive movement with a comprehensive sensor suite for perception and communication, supporting multilingual speech and vision capabilities.
$16,990
1X TechnologiesNEO
NEO is a general-purpose bipedal humanoid robot intended for home automation and daily chores. Its tendon-driven actuation system ensures quiet, fluid movements, while its soft body promotes safe interaction within a human environment. The robot learns tasks through AI and can be teleoperated for novel situations.
Price on application
SoftBank RoboticsPepper
This wheeled humanoid robot was engineered to interact with people through conversation and a chest-mounted display. It could perceive surroundings and respond to human emotion using its integrated cameras and sensors, suitable for customer-facing environments. Pepper was previously deployed across sectors like retail, hospitality, and education.
Historic list price withdrawn
PetoiPetoi Bittle
Petoi Bittle is a palm-sized, open-source quadruped robot dog, provided as a self-assembly kit. It is designed for coding education and hobbyist robotics, allowing control via remote, mobile app, or programming languages. Built around an Arduino-compatible controller, it performs various animal-like movements.
$289
PetoiPetoi Nybble
Petoi Nybble is an open-source, Arduino-compatible quadruped robot cat, supplied as a self-assembly kit. Designed for makers and STEM learners, it can perform lifelike movements including walking and balancing. Users can program new behaviours using block-based coding, C++, or a Python API.
$299
Sanctuary AIPhoenix
Sanctuary AI's Phoenix is a general-purpose humanoid platform engineered to undertake various work assignments. It employs highly articulated hands and the Carbon AI system, which emulates human cognitive functions for perception and control. This design prioritises precise manipulation and extensive sensor integration for broad utility.
Price on application
EngineAIPM01
The PM01 from EngineAI is a lightweight, agile humanoid offered for both commercial and educational applications. It features proprietary joint actuators and motion control, positioned as an adaptable platform for research, education, and development. The design supports open-source hardware interfaces and code for comprehensive customisation.
Price on application
Pudu RoboticsPudu Bellabot
Pudu Robotics' BellaBot is a commercial service robot engineered for delivering items within restaurants and retail spaces. It navigates using dual SLAM technology, combining LiDAR and visual positioning for obstacle avoidance. Its design incorporates interactive elements like facial expressions and haptic feedback to engage with people.
$15,900
Pudu RoboticsPudu FlashBot
The FlashBot is a wheeled delivery robot engineered for autonomous, contactless item transport within hotels and office buildings. It integrates with building IoT systems for elevator navigation. Utilising cameras and LiDAR, the robot provides autonomous navigation and obstacle avoidance for last-mile deliveries.
Price on application
AgibotRaise A1
This bipedal humanoid integrates a multi-level intelligent architecture with a multimodal large model. Designed to understand intentions and execute tasks, it is aimed at flexible manufacturing, education, and logistics. It also has potential for interactive services and household assistance.
Price on application
Pollen RoboticsReachy 2
This open-source humanoid robot from Pollen Robotics is designed for advanced research and educational applications. It features a versatile upper body with two seven-degree-of-freedom arms, adaptable for various manipulation tasks. An optional mobile base provides omnidirectional movement.
$70,000
RobosenRobosen Interstellar Scout K1
This bipedal robot provides an entry point into robotics for education and leisure. It supports multiple control methods, including a mobile app, voice commands, and visual programming. Users can develop custom movement sequences, making it suitable for engaging learning experiences.
$299
RobosenRobosen Interstellar Scout K1 Pro
This bipedal robot is designed for both engaging home entertainment and STEM educational purposes. It features an articulated frame with an aluminium alloy structure, allowing free movement. Control options include voice commands, a companion app, and visual programming for custom routines.
$399
SCHUNKSCHUNK SVH
The SVH is a five-finger gripping hand, matching the proportions of a human hand. It features 20 degrees of freedom driven by nine servomotors, with all control electronics integrated within the wrist. Both left and right-hand versions are available.
Price on application
AgileX RoboticsScout 2
The Scout 2.0 is a four-wheel-drive, four-wheel differential-steering unmanned ground vehicle chassis. It is built for outdoor and industrial environments, featuring independent suspension and an advanced cooling system for reliable operation. An open SDK facilitates secondary development.
$9,980 – $14,190
AgileX RoboticsScout Mini
This compact unmanned ground vehicle offers flexible locomotion with independent four-wheel servo drive and suspension. It supports open-source development through an exposed SDK and ROS compatibility, making it suitable for autonomy research. The platform facilitates experimentation with SLAM and navigation systems.
$4,500 – $7,000
Muks RoboticsSpaceo M1
The Spaceo M1 is an AI-powered social humanoid robot engineered for natural human interaction and service deployment. It integrates multimodal perception, conversational AI, and autonomous navigation, utilising the proprietary FusionMax AI system. This platform is designed as an interactive guide and companion.
Price on application
Boston DynamicsSpot
Spot is a four-legged mobile robot engineered for sensing, data capture, and inspection in hazardous or challenging industrial environments. It navigates diverse terrains, including stairs and obstacles, supporting both manual control and autonomous, repeatable missions.
Price on application
Boston DynamicsStretch
This mobile autonomous robot from Boston Dynamics is engineered for logistics operations. It independently unloads floor-loaded trailers and manages box movements within warehouses. The system uses a specialised vacuum gripper and vision system to manage diverse case sizes efficiently.
Price on application
iHub RoboticsTara Gen1
This semi-humanoid service robot from iHub Robotics is designed for direct interaction with individuals in various public settings. It integrates artificial intelligence for conversation, facial recognition, and attentiveness, alongside autonomous indoor navigation. Specialised configurations are available to meet specific industry requirements.
$10,000 – $25,000
Westwood RoboticsThemis V2
Themis V2 is Westwood Robotics' advanced humanoid, powered by proprietary back-drivable actuators and an AI-augmented operating system. It integrates large language models, perception, and planning for applications like housekeeping and hazardous material handling. The platform is available in tiered versions with various optional enhancements.
Price on application
LimX DynamicsTRON 1
The LimX Dynamics TRON 1 is a bipedal research robot featuring unique modular feet that swap between point, sole, and wheeled configurations. It targets humanoid reinforcement learning and motion control research, supporting major simulation environments. The robot is lightweight and runs on a swappable battery.
$15,000 – $25,000
ROBOTISTurtlebot 3 Burger
This compact ROS-based mobile robot platform is designed for research, education, and prototyping. It features open-source hardware, firmware, and software, making it highly customisable for various projects. A Raspberry Pi powers the unit, which includes a 360-degree laser sensor and smart actuators.
$784
ROBOTISTurtlebot 3 Waffle
This robot was an early ROS-based mobile platform, designed for educational and research purposes. It featured a modular, customisable design built around an Intel Joule single-board computer. The Waffle model has since been discontinued, replaced by more current offerings.
Historic list price withdrawn
Clearpath RoboticsTurtleBot 4 Lite
This lighter variant of the TurtleBot 4 provides an open-source ROS 2 platform, built on the iRobot Create 3 mobile base. It incorporates an OAK-D-Lite camera and a 2D LiDAR for navigation and perception. The design prioritises core autonomy hardware while reducing overall cost and footprint.
$1,195
Elephant RoboticsultraArm P340
This desktop robotic arm is designed for educational and research purposes, offering affordability and multi-functional capabilities. It supports tasks like writing, engraving, and vision-based pick-and-place. The arm integrates with various accessories and platforms, ideal for practical training.
$999
Unitree RoboticsUnitree G1
The G1 is a humanoid platform from Unitree Robotics, suited for AI research, educational purposes, and motion studies. It supports diverse control methods and can be equipped with a dexterous gripper for object handling. Configurations vary in joint count and actuator capability.
Price on application
Unitree RoboticsUnitree G1 Battery
This intelligent lithium battery unit supplies power to Unitree's G1 humanoid robot. Designed for rapid replacement and recharging, it helps maintain operational continuity. An integrated battery management system offers protection and monitors performance.
Price on application
Unitree RoboticsUnitree Go2 Air
The Go2 Air is Unitree's foundational quadruped robot, suitable for educational applications, demonstrations, and initial research stages. It features agile movement via aluminum knee motors and is managed using a dedicated mobile application. This version omits some high-end processing and connectivity options.
$1,600
Unitree RoboticsUnitree Go2 Edu
This Go2 variant is tailored for academic and research environments, offering open programming interfaces and enhanced performance. It is designed for university laboratories and advanced AI learning, supporting custom payloads and prolonged autonomous operations. The Edu model surpasses consumer versions in capabilities.
Price on application
Unitree RoboticsUnitree Go2 X
The Go2 X represents the top retail specification within its series, featuring foot-end force sensors and an improved side-follow system. It is constructed from aluminium and engineering plastic, maintaining a 15 kg weight. This model offers expanded capabilities for various operational scenarios.
$4,500
Universal RobotsUR20
This collaborative robot represents Universal Robots' next-generation high-capacity offering. Featuring a redesigned joint architecture, it is engineered for operations like pallet loading and material handling, while maintaining a reduced physical footprint for integration into existing factory layouts.
Price on application
UBTECH RoboticsWalker S
This industrial humanoid robot is configured for assembly line work, featuring a human-like form factor. It combines comprehensive perception with force-compliant joints for stable movement on mobile production lines. The design facilitates tasks like quality inspection, parts handling, and precise grasping in manufacturing settings.
Price on application
UBTECH RoboticsWalker S2
This advanced industrial humanoid is designed for factory and logistics applications. Its key feature is a hot-swappable dual-battery system, allowing autonomous battery replacement in approximately three minutes. It supports efficient continuous operation and is commercially available for deployment.
Price on application